Glossary

A system that performs the functions of target acquisition, tracking, data computation, and engagement control, primarily using electronic means and assisted by electromechanical devices.

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is a subset of IoT specific to industrial applications, such as manufacturing and robotics.

An operator such as += that provides a shorthand notation for the common case in which the variable being assigned to is also an operand on the right hand side of the assignment. For example, the statement x += 3 means the same thing as x = x + 3.

Registers that can be used to hold addresses, such as jump destinations. Index registers can be accessed in programming.

The class of proximity sensors, which has half of a ferrite core, whose coil is part of an oscillator circuit. When a metallic object enters this field, at some point, the object will absorb enough energy from the field to cause the oscillator to stop oscillating. This signifies that an object is present in a given proximity. See Proximity Sensor.

A re-programmable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks (R15.06). The principle components are: one or more arms that can move in several directions, a manipulator, and a computer controller that gives detailed movement instructions.

a piece of code that keeps running forever. This is usually a bad thing.

A loop that is inside another loop.

The processing time for an instruction.

a number data-type that cannot have a decimal value and must be a whole number.

(IED) Once again this performs similar functions to a PLC, but is primarily deployed in the electrical sector, for example in substations. Since these devices sometimes have to function in the presence of high voltages, they can be constructed with substantial protections for hostile environments. However, from an outsider's perspective they still gather data, provide protective logic, and execute simple controls as does a PLC or RTU.

Inter-Process Communication (IPC) transfers information between Windows processes or between the Windows Kernel and a process.

Internet of things (IoT) is the natural extension of the Internet to everyday objects. Accordingly, IoT is a newly developing technology area built on “enablers” such as networks, embedded devices, and artificial intelligence. Moreover, IoT standards are designed by the same bodies which helped usher the growth of the Internet, viz. IEEE, IETF along with a number of private players.

A task that is executed at a specified interval.

A development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive data. A state in which physical objects (things) having embedded technology to sense and communicate, being connected via an identifi er such as a micro-chip/SIM. This will serve the communication among those things, closing the gap between the real and the virtual world and creating smarter processes and structures that can support us without needing our attention. It can be compared with the digital connection on the internet.

An IoT platform serves as a middleware where all IoT applications exist. In other words it can refer to a marketplace for commercial IoT products. Examples include Apple HomeKit, Samsung ATIRA, Windows Azure IoT, and Google Cloud IoT.

An IoT protocol is the language two or more machines use to communicate with each other. These languages contain rules to help them connect and decipher each other’s messages and figure out how to act on their exchanged signals. Common protocols include: Narrowband IoT, Cellular LPWA, LoRaWAN, Zigbee, TR-50, MQTT, AMQP

Internet Protocol

International Standards Organization

Model describing network communications; divided into seven layers of device functionality